Fuente y recorrido lingüístico de una retraducción en judeoespañol: el caso de La alma de hombre (Constantinopla, 1855)

Doğa Filiz Subaşı; Tania M.ª García Arévalo

doi:10.3989/sefarad.021-015

Autores/as

Doğa Filiz Subaşı Yozgat Bozok Üniversitesi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6975-6197
Tania M.ª García Arévalo Universidad de Granada https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4100-445X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/sefarad.021-015

Palabras clave:

Imperio otomano, modernidad, misiones, cristianismo, sefardíes, judeoespañol

Resumen

Entre los siglos XIX y XX el Imperio otomano fue objetivo de diferentes estrategias de evangelización llevadas a cabo por misioneros protestantes llegados de Estados Unidos y Gran Bretaña. Una de las principales consistió en el desarrollo de obras filantrópicas como la publicación de textos en las diversas lenguas vernáculas usadas por los grupos étnico-religiosos del Imperio, entre ellos, el judeoespañol. El objetivo de estas páginas es el de presentar el estudio de una de estas obras, inédita hasta la fecha, La alma de hombre (Constantinopla, 1855), centrando nuestra atención en el recorrido lingüístico que sufre hasta llegar a la comunidad sefardí y la identificación de su fuente.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Citas

th Annual Report of the American Tract Society, 1833-1838 (Boston: Perkins & Marvin).

Aki̇f Paşa (1892): Un diplomate ottoman en 1836 (affaire Churchill) (París: E. Leroux, trad. Arthur Alric).

Álvarez Suárez, Alejandra (2012): «La organización de los no musulmanes en el Imperio Otomano: millet y taifa», Collectanea Christiana Orientalia 9, pp. 23-45. https://doi.org/10.21071/cco.v9i.168

Anderson, Rufus (1872): History of the missions of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions to the Oriental Churches (Boston: Congregational Pub. Society).

Banchoff, Thomas y José Casanova, (eds.) (2016): The Jesuits and Globalization: Historical Legacies and Contemporary Challenges (Washington DC: Georgetown University Press).

Barnard, Henry (1852): «Eulogy», American Annals of the Deaf and Dumb 4:2, pp. 81-136.

Barnard, Henry (1852): Tribute to Gallaudet - A Discourse in Commemoration of the Life, Character and Services, of the Rev. Thomas H. Gallaudet (Hartford: Brockett & Hutchinson).

Bashan, Eliezer (1999): The Anglican Mission and the Moroccan Jewry in the Nineteenth Century (Ramat- Gan: Bar-llan University [en hebreo]).

Benbassa, Esther (1996): «The Process of Modernization of Eastern Sephardi Communities», en Harvey Goldberg (ed.) Sephardi and Middle Eastern Jewries. History and Culture in the Modern Era (Bloomington: Indiana University Press) pp. 89-98.

Bornstein-Makovetsky, Leah (1996): «Activity of the American Mission among the Jews of Istanbul, Salonika and Izmir in the 19th century» en Minna Rozen (ed.) The Days of the Crescent: Chapters in the History of the Jews in the Ottoman Empire [en hebreo] (Tel Aviv: Tel Aviv University Press) pp. 273-310.

Bornstein-Makovetsky, Leah (1996): «The Activity of the American Mission Among the Jews of Istanbul, Izmir, and Salonika during the Nineteenth Century», en Minna Rozen ed.() Days of the Crescent. Chapters in the History of the Jews in the Ottoman Empire (Tel Aviv: Tel Aviv University [en hebreo]) pp. 273-310.

Bornstein-Makovetsky, Leah (2019): «Jewish Conversion to Protestantism in the Ottoman Empire in the Communities of Istanbul and Izmir Until 1856», Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica 18, pp. 7-36. https://doi.org/10.15290/mhi.2019.18.02.01

Cantera Ortiz de Urbina Jesús (2007): «La sabiduría en el libro de los Proverbios del Antiguo Testamento», Paremia 16, pp. 19-27.

Cikar, Jutta (2011): Türkischer Biographischer Index (Walter de Gruyter).

Clogg, Richard (1968): «The Publication and Distribution of Karamanli Texts by the British and Foreign Bible Society Before 1850, I», The Journal of Ecclesiastical History 19:1, pp. 57-81. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022046900059443

Clogg, Richard (1968): «The Publication and Distribution of Karamanli Texts by the British and Foreign Bible Society Before 1850, II», The Journal of Ecclesiastical History 19:2, pp. 171-193. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022046900056888

Colthof, Jaap (2016): «From juvenile criminal to Jewish scholar: the nineteenth-century Protestant mission among Amsterdam Jews which culminated in a murder attempt on a clergyman», Jewish Historical Studies 48, pp. 138-157. https://doi.org/10.14324/111.444.jhs.2016v48.029

David, Irene Aue-Ben, Aya Elyada, Moshe Sluhovsky y Christian Wiese, (eds.) (2020): Jews and Protestants: From the Reformation to the Present (Berlin-Boston: De Gruyter).

Doğan, Mehmet Ali (2011): «Elias Riggs and the Missionary Activities of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM) in Greece (1832-1838)», International Review of Turkology 4:8, pp. 5-22.

Doğan, Mehmet Ali (2013): American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM) And "Nominal Christians": Elias Riggs (1810-1901) and American Missionary Activities in the Ottoman Empire (Utah: The University Utah, Tesis Doctoral).

Dwight, Henry O. (1901): «A Mighty Worker Before the Lord», The Missionary Herald, pp. 98-103.

Fea, John (2016): The Bible Cause: A History of the American Bible Society (Oxford: Oxford Scholarship Online). https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190253066.001.0001

García Moreno, Aitor (2018): «¿Ante el primer diccionario monolingüe judeoespañol?», Sefarad 73:2, pp. 371-408. https://doi.org/10.3989/sefarad.010.012

García Moreno, Aitor (2018): «Poemas castellanos en textos sefardíes: ejemplos en La escalera a la anṿeźadura (Constantinopla 1853 y 1888)», Sefarad 78:1, pp. 149-200. https://doi.org/10.3989/sefarad.018.005

Girardelli, Paolo (2010): «Between Rome and Istanbul: Architecture and Material Culture of a Franciscan Convent in the Ottoman Capital», Mediterranean Studies 19, pp. 162-188.

Gomel, Nivi (2006): Judeo-Spanish Hebrew Teaching Textbooks in the Ottoman Empire: Methods and Trends 1823-1935 (Tel Aviv: Bar-llan University).

Goodwin, Gordon y Joseph Coohill (2004): «Churchill, Alfred Black (1825-1870), journalist and publisher», en Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, accesible en https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-5393. https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/5393

Greene, Joseph K. (1916): Leavening the Levant (Boston: The Pilgrim Press).

Hacker, Joseph (1987): «The Intellectual Activity of the Jews of the Ottoman Empire During the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries» en Isadore Twersky y Bernard Septimus (eds.) Jewish Thought in the Seventeenth Century (Cambridge, Mass.-London: Harvard University Press) pp. 96-135.

Hazard, Sonia (2020): «The American Tract Society and the Refinement of the Evangelical Book, 1825-1861», The Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America 114:2, pp. 127-194. https://doi.org/10.1086/708835

Healers, Robert M. (1979): «The Jews in Seventeenth Century Protestant Thought», Church History 46:1, pp. 63-79. https://doi.org/10.2307/3165159

The Home and Foreign Record of the Free Church of Scotland, vol. 4 (Edinburg-London: J. Nichol-J. Nisbet & Co. August 1853-July 1854).

The Jewish Herald and Record of Christian Effort for the Spiritual Good of God's Ancient People (London: Aylott & Jones, Paternoster Rows, 1850).

Kamel, S. Abu Jaber (1967): «The Millet System in the Nineteenth-Century Ottoman Empire», The Muslim World 57:3, pp. 212-223. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-1913.1967.tb01260.x

Koloğlu, Orhan (2009): «Newspapers», en Encyclopaedia of the Ottoman Empire, eds. Gábor Ágoston y Bruce Masters (USA: Facts on File) pp. 431-434.

Kovács, Ábrahám (2003): The history of the Free Church of Scotland's mission to the Jews in Budapest and its impact on the Hungarian Reformed Church, 1841-1914 (Universidad de Edimburgo. Tesis doctoral accesible en https://era.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/30370?show=full).

Laskier, Michael M. (1983): «Aspects of the Activities of the Alliance Israélite Universelle in the Jewish Communities of the Middle East and North Africa: 1860-1918», Modern Judaism 3:2, pp. 147-171. https://doi.org/10.1093/mj/3.2.147

Maes, Jan (2011): «'Die Joden zijn bij mij per toeval gevonden', Hoe protestanten Joden redden in de omgeving van Antwerpen en Leuven (1942-1944)'», Les Cahiers de la Mémoire Contemporaine 10, pp. 271-317. https://doi.org/10.4000/cmc.493

Mallon, Ryan (2020): «A Church for Scotland? The Free Church and Scottish Nationalism after the Disruption», Scottish Church History 49:1, pp. 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3366/sch.2020.0019

Marín Riveros, José (1998-1999): «Alteridad e identidad. Los jesuitas en Constantinopla en el siglo XVIII», Byzantion Nea Hellás 17-18, pp. 125-146.

Martín González, Daniel (2019): «Hidden vs. Overt Protestant Propaganda in an Educational Book in Judeo-Spanish: Alexander Thomson's Silaƀario (Constantinople, 1855)» Cadernos de Estudos Sefarditas 21, pp. 29-47.

Martín González, Daniel (2020): «Convergencias y divergencias lingüísticas con el judeoespañol castizo de un traductor nativo de inglés. El caso del Ele Toledot Bené Yisrael (Constantinopla, 1854 y 1886) del Rev. Alexander Thomson», Sefarad 80:1, pp. 267-296. https://doi.org/10.3989/sefarad.020-006

Martín-González, Daniel (2020): «Retranslation and power: Attempts of conversion of Sephardic Jews in the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century by Scottish Protestant missionaries through retranslations from English texts», en Lucyna Harmon y Dorota Osuchowska (eds.) Translation and power (Berlin- New York: Peter Lang) pp. 69-77.

Martín-González, Daniel (2021): «An ethnolinguistic study of Sephardic Jews and their language in the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century in the eyes of Scottish protestant missionaries», Darom. Revista de Estudios Judíos 3, pp. 55-79.

Miege, Jean-Louis (1955):«Les Missions Protestants au Maroc, 1875-1905», Hesperis 42, pp. 153-186.

Miner Gallaudet, Edward (1831): «Philosophy of Language», American Annals of Education 1:8, pp. 70-77 y 117-123.

Miner Gallaudet, Edward (1888): Life of Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet. Founder of Dead-Mute Instruction in America (New York: Henry Colt and Comp).

Molho, Rena (2008): «The Moral Values of the Alliance Israelite Universelle and their Impact on the Jewish School World of Salonika and Morocco», El Presente: Estudios sobre la cultura sefardí: La cultura Judeo-Espanyola del Norte de Marruecos 2, pp. 127-137.

Moore, Edward Caldwell (1916): «Bible Societies and Missions: Their Joint Contribution to Race Development», The Journal of Race Development 7:1, pp. 47-73. https://doi.org/10.2307/29738184

Moustani, Dina (ed.) (2021): Jewish Education in Southeastern Europe (mid-19th-mid 20th Century) (Volos [en prensa]).

Muntán, Emese (2020): «Uneasy Agents of Tridentine Reforms: Catholic Missionaries in Southern Ottoman Hungary and Their Local Competitors in the Early Seventeenth Century», Journal of Early Modern Christianity 7:1, pp. 151-175. https://doi.org/10.1515/jemc-2020-2020

Numark, Mitch (2012): «Hebrew School in Nineteenth-Century Bombay: Protestant Missionaries, Cochin Jews, and the Hebraization of India's Bene Israel Community», Modern Asian Studies 46:6, pp. 1764-1808. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0026749X12000121

Okkenhaug, Inger Marie y Karène Sanchez Summerer, (eds.) (2020): Christian Missions and Humanitarianism in The Middle East, 1850-1950 (Leiden: Brill). https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004434530

Öztürk, Fatih (2014): «The Ottoman Millet System», Güneydoğu Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi 16, pp. 71-86.

Perry, Yaron (2003): British Mission to the Jews in Nineteenth-Century Palestine (London: Frank Cass). https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203495148

Porter, Andrew (2004): Religion versus Empire? British Protestant Missionaries and Overseas Expansion, 1700-1914 (Manchester: Manchester University Press).

Prudhomme, Claude (1997): «Centralité romaine et frontières missionnaires», Mélanges de l'école française de Rome 109:2, pp. 487-504. https://doi.org/10.3406/mefr.1997.5638

Riggs, Edward (1901): «Elias Riggs, the Veteran Missionary to Turkey», The Missionary Review of the World 14:4, pp. 267-271.

Riggs, Edward (1841): «Smyrna» en The Missionary Herald: For the year 1841 (Boston: Crocker&Brewsler) p. 287.

Rodrigue, Aron (1990): French Jews, Turkish Jews: The Alliance Israelite Universelle and the Politics of Jewish Schooling in Turkey 1860-1925 (Bloomington: Indiana University Press).

Ruiu, Adina (2014): «Conflicting Visions of the Jesuit Missions to the Ottoman Empire, 1609-1628», Journal of Jesuit Studies 1:2, pp. 260-280. https://doi.org/10.1163/22141332-00102007

Şahin, Emrah (2004): Errand into the East: A History of Evangelical American Protestant Missionaries and Their Missions to Ottoman Istanbul During The Nineteenth Century (Ankara: Bilkent University, TFM).

Şahin, Emrah (2012): «Ottoman Institutions, Millet System: 1250 to 1920: Middle East», en Cultural Sociology of the Middle East, Asia, and Africa, pp. 181-183.

Schauffler, William G. (1887): Autobiography of William G. Schauffler: for Forty-Nine Years a Missionary in the Orient (New York: A.D.F. Randolph).

Sienna, Noam (2015): «'It is a Minhag': Algerian Judaism Through the Eyes of a Hebrew-Christian Missionary», Journal of Jewish Thought 1:5, pp. 23-41.

Şivi̇loğlu, Murat R. (2018): The Emergence of Public Opinion: State and Society in the Late Ottoman Empire (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108120371 PMid:29391323 PMCid:PMC6322627

Strauss, Johan (2017): «The Greek Connection in Nineteenth-Century Ottoman Intellectual History», en Dimitri Tsiovas (ed.) Greece and the Balkans: Identities, Perceptions and Cultural Encounters (London-New York: Routledge) pp. 47-67. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315253817-6

Thorogood, Bernard (ed.) (1994): Gales of Change: Responding to a Shifting Missionary Context: The Story of the London Missionary Society, 1945-1977 (Geneva: WCC Publications).

Trowbridge Riggs, Charles (1933): «Elias Riggs - A Pioneer in Turkey: Missionary of the American Board, from 1832 to 1901», The Missionary Review of the World 56:1, pp. 30-32.

Twaddell, Elizabeth (1946): «The American Tract Society, 1814-1860», Church History 15:2, pp. 116-132. https://doi.org/10.2307/3160400

ÜMİT, Devrim (2014): «The American Protestant Missionary Network in Ottoman Turkey, 1876-1914», International Journal of Humanities and Social Science 4:6.1 (accesible en http://www.ijhssnet.com/view.php?u=http://www.ijhssnet.com/journals/Vol_4_No_6_1_April_2014/3.pdf) pp. 16-51.

Vassileva, Elmira (2016): «Ottoman Istanbul from the Perspective of the Catholic Missionaries in the Post-Tridentine Period (End of 16th-17th centuries)», Osmanlı İstanbulu 4, pp. 289-311.

Vassileva, Elmira (2017): «The activities of the Franciscan Order in the Ottoman territories (17th Century): Missionary approaches», Études balkaniques 3, pp. 415-449.

Wiener, Leo (1898): «America's Share in the Regeneration of Bulgaria», Modern Languages Notes 13:2, pp. 33-41. https://doi.org/10.2307/2918140

Wolfe, Rachel (Saba) (2011): «From Protestant Missionaries to Jewish Educators: Children's Textbooks in Judeo-Spanish», Neue Romania 40, pp. 135-151.

Wonderly, William A. y Eugene A. Nida (1964): «Linguistics and Christian Missions-II», The Bible Translator 15:3, pp. 107-116. https://doi.org/10.1177/000608446401500303

Yaari, Abraham (1967): Hebrew Printing at Constantinople: Its History and Bibliography (Jerusalem: Magnes Press).